island life- in a monastery

SERVANT of GOD GEORGE J. WILLMANN, S.J. was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1897. His parents were William Godfrey Willmann and Julia Corcoran Willmann. George had two brothers, Edward and William Jr. and four sisters, Miriam, Dorothy, Ruth and Agnes. His sisters Ruth and Agnes became members of Franciscan Missionary of Mary.

From 1902 to 1908, George studied at the Our Lady of Good Counsel Grammar School in Brooklyn, and from 1908 to 1913 and at the Boys High and Brooklyn Preparatory High School. On August 15, 1915, He entered the into Society of Jesus Seminary at Poughkeepsie, New York.

He was then sent to the Philippines in 1922 as a seminarian for a teaching stint at the Ateneo de Manila, later returning to the United States in 1925 to continue his theological studies.

In June 20, 1928, he was ordained at the Woodstock College in Maryland by Archbishop Michael Joseph Curley. Father George served as Director of New York Jesuit Seminary and Mission Bureau from 1930 to 1936. Then he returned to the

Philippines

to continue teaching at the Ateneo de Manila. The next year he became dean of Ateneo de Manila.

In 1938, Father Willmann established the Catholic Youth Organization in the Philippines, a religious and recreational organization for the youth. He became the chaplain of the organization on its establishment until 1977. He was also initiated into Order of Knights of Columbus June 30 of the same year. He was appointed Chaplain of Manila Council 1000 based in Intramuros, Manila.

In 1941 Servicemen clubs were established under the guidance of the Army-Navy Morale Committee, of which Father Willmann and the auxiliary bishop of Manila, Msgr. Rufino Santos, were members. In 1942, he taught Social Sciences at the Manila San Jose Seminary.

Father Willmann became a prisoner of war during the Japanese occupation of Manila where he was arrested at the University of Santo Tomas by the Japanese on July 1944. He and the other prisoners where later put into a concentration camp in Los Banos, Laguna and were later freed by American forces in 1945.

On July 1, 1975, Father George was granted Filipino citizenship by then President Ferdinand Marcos for his "virtuous acts, compassionate and kind and loving service for the Filipino people.”

On June 29, 1977, Pope Paul VI awarded him the Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice medal.

Father Willmann later went to New York presumely to pay a visit to his sisters, Ruth, and Agnes, nuns living in Roslyn. He was prone to falls because of weaking limbs and had a fall while he was in New York, resulting in hip surgery. After his stay in the hospital, he was transferred to the Murray-Weigel Hall, an infirmary owned by the Jesuits in New York state.

Father Willmann died on September 14, 1977, due to cardiac arrest. His remains were interred at the JesuitCemetery in Novaliches, Quezon City, Philippines.

"He spent all 40 years of his priesthood here in the

Philippines," said Msgr. Pedro Quitorio, one of the postulators for Father Willman's beatification. He described the late priest as "a friend of the poor" and a "missionary to the youth." adding that "it is only right that he be recognized as a Filipino saint, if and when the time comes."

Father Willman is now one of eight Filipinos currently undergoing the process for beatification and canonization

BLESSED JAN BEYZYM was a Polish Jesuit known as "the Servant of Lepers”, having worked for many years in a leprosarium in Madagascar.

He was born into the gentry, yet knew hardship in his youth. His family were dispossessed of their ancestral home following a failed revolt against Russian rule.

Bl. Jan entered the Jesuits at age 22 in 1872. As a novice he helped other Jesuits in caring for victims of a cholera epidemic. This experience may have planted a seed in his desire to help others. He was ordained in 1881, and spent the next 17 years teaching in Jesuit schools in Poland. During these years he repeatedly requested to be assigned to the missions to work with lepers.

In 1898, his wishes were fulfilled and he was sent to Madagascar. He found the conditions deplorable, with the 150 patients lacking shelter, nutrition & medical treatment. He immediately began to improve the terrible conditions while laying plans for a new hospital.

He also worked to change social attitudes toward the stigma of leprosy (shades of St. Damien of Molokai).

He said: One must be in constant union with God and pray without respite. One must get used to the stench, for here we can’t breathe the scent of flowers but the putrefaction of bodies generated by leprosy.”

In 1911, a year before he died, Bl. Jan inaugurated the new hospital for his people. Many came, not only because of the better care, but because of the devotion of the priest who had served them with such love.

Bl. Jan was beatified by Pope St. John Paul in 2002. As a missionary he was conscious of the global dimension of the Jesuit Society’s work to meet the needs of humanity. “One’s country is where the greater service of God and help of souls is found. It does not matter where you live, at the Equator or the North Pole. What really matters is to die in the service of the Lord Jesus as a a member of our holy Society.

CARDINAL AVERY DULLES, SJ, (1918-2008) was the first U.S.theologian to be named to the College of Cardinals. Avery Dulles was also the first American Jesuit to receive that honor.

Avery Dulles was the son of former U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, (for whom Washington Dulles International Airport is named). While his parents’ religious background was Presbyterian, Dulles was raised in a generally secular household

His religious doubts were diminished during a personally profound moment when he stepped out into a rainy day and saw a tree beginning to flower along the Charles River; after that moment he never again "doubted the existence of an all-good and omnipotent God."

He noted how his theism turned toward conversion to Catholicism: "The more I examined, the more I was impressed with the consistency and sublimity of Catholic doctrine." Reading the Gospels led him to the loving and merciful God who redeemed us in Jesus Christ. He converted to Catholicism in the fall of 1940.

He continued his studies and was led closer to the Catholic faith through them. He especially admired Thomistic philosophers Etienne Gibson and Jacques Maritain. Dulles was also attracted to the active Catholic liturgical life he observed in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Finally, Dulles asked a Jesuit priest to instruct him in the faith, and he was received into the Church in 1940.

Cardinal Dulles entered the Jesuits in 1946 and began a life of studying and teaching theology. He taught at the Jesuit House of Studies at WoodstockCollege, the Catholic University of America, and finally at FordhamUniversity in New York.

Cardinal Dulles’s aim as a theologian was to present the Catholic tradition as it speaks to contemporary culture. He did this in 22 books and over 700 articles and reviews. His book Models of the Church (1974) has had a lasting influence on how the Church is perceived and remains a useful guide for exploring the nature of the Church.

So the theologian must participate in the prayer life of the church and be a praying person himself or herself in order to think the thoughts of God, as we theologians try to do. Cardinal Dulles acknowledged that the foundation for teaching is a life of prayer.

At the time of his elevation to cardinal, he was not raised to the rank of bishop, as is normally the case, as he had successfully petitioned the pope for a dispensation from Episcopal consecration due to his advanced age.

In his later years, the cardinal suffered from the effects of polio from his youth. In addition to the loss of speech, the use of his arms was impaired but his mind remained clear and he continued to work and communicate using his computer keyboard. The cardinal reflected on his weakening condition:

“Suffering and diminishment are not the greatest of evils but are normal ingredients in life, especially in old age. They are to be expected as elements of a full human existence.

Well into my 90th year I have been able to work productively. As I become increasingly paralyzed and unable to speak, I can identify with the many paralytics and mute persons in the Gospels, grateful for the loving and skillful care I receive and for the hope of everlasting life in Christ. If the Lord now calls me to a period of weakness, I know well that his power can be made perfect in infirmity”.

Cardinal Dulles died on December 12 (My birthday and the feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe), 2008 at FordhamUniversity in the Bronx, where he had lived for many years. He is being considered for canonization.

Having had a chaplain several years ago who was from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, we are always interested in saints from that area, and this new martyr fits into our summer theme of Jesuits.

More than 300 Jesuits died during the 20th century for love of God. Some of them were murdered, others died as a result of maltreatment and others were simply made to "disappear" by terrorist regimes. All of them form part of our martyrology for the twentieth and twenty first centuries.

SERVANT of GOD ARCHBISHOP CHRISTOPHE MUNZIHIRWA MWENE NGABO lost his life in 1996 during the most ignored war of our modern times.

The Congo Wars, which flared off and on between 1995 and 2003, at one time or another involved eight nations and roughly 25 armed groups, producing a staggering total of 5.4 million deaths. Had this been Europe or North America, it would be considered one of the most important chapters of late 20th century history, but it was Africa, so the carnage rates, at best, a footnote.

Archbishop Christophe was among its early victims. As Rwandan troops poured into the eastern part of what was then Zaire in the fall of 1996, he issued a final, fervent plea for help.

"We hope that God will not abandon us and that from some part of the world will rise for us a small flare of hope."

Born in 1926 in Burhale (Lukumbo) Christophe studied first at local schools before entering the minor seminary where he studied Greek & Latin. Feeling the call to the priesthood he continued his training at the seminary of Moba (formerly Baudouinville). He was ordained in 1958.

In 1963 he joined the Jesuits and was sent to the Louvain in Belgiumto study. In 1978 he was appointed Rector of the Jesuit seminary in Kenshasa. Two years later he was appointed provincial superior of the Jesuits of Central Africa. In 1986 he became bishop of the Diocese of Kasongo.

In 1994 he was appointed Archbishop of the diocese of Bukavu. As Archbishop, he participated in the special synod on the Church in Africa convened by Pope (St.) John Paul II in Rome in April-May 1994 . On his return from Rome he had to face the tragedy of hundreds of thousands of people arriving in South Kivu , driven out of Rwanda by genocide. The whole region was destabilized and beyond the control of civilian authorities.

For two years ' Mzee ' (" the old wise one", a title given to him by his followers) visited the refugee camps in his diocese. He drew the attention of local authorities as well as the international world of the catastrophic situation of these people, courageously stressing the need to find a just solution to the conflict that upset the whole region.

Archbishop Munzihirwa was all that stood between hundreds of thousands of Hutu refugees and potential annihilation. He had long criticized all parties to the violence. His last hope, shared with the handful of missionaries and diocesan personnel who stayed with him, was for rapid intervention by the international community. But no one listened to his appeals and Oct. 29, 1996, he was murdered along with other religious in the area.

At his Nov. 29 funeral, someone recalled the Archbishop’s favorite saying: "There are things that can be seen only with eyes that have cried.” He has been called the "Oscar Romero of Congo".

At the end of the millennium Pope (St.) John Paul II commissioned a Martyrology for the 20th century, so that we might not forget the witness of love of God and neighbor which so many men and women of our time have given with their lives and with their deaths.

Recent tragedies have produced new Jesuit martyrs, and their stories suggest a new direction not only for martyrdom but for the Church in our world today. They died because they took risks in working and speaking for human rights, in situations where doing so put them in grave danger.

However the Church adapts to the fast paced, often violent world of today, it needs the steadfast faith of witnesses such as these martyrs who surrendered their lives to help others in the Lord's name.

In a recent Blog we met Archbishop Christophe Mwene Ngabo Munzihara of Bukavu, Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo), who was murdered in 1996 with fellow Church workers, because of his forthright stand against violence in that troubled region.

Icon by Fr. Wm McNichols

Another recent Jesuit martyr isFATHER ANCHANIKAL THOMAS in state of Jharkhand, India, who was beheaded in 1997 by bandits who resented the vigor of his work for justice for India's untouchables. Like St. Teresa of Calcuttahe gave his life for the poorest of the poor.

Passion for human dignity guided his ministry. He worked ceaselessly to develop a network of night schools around Hazaribag, which gave people an opportunity to share their concerns- a whole range of social issues and needs. Father Thomas became involved in every aspect of people’s lives. He felt himself called to be on the side of the poor, the victims of injustice in whatever form. He sought dialogue and initiated methods to help the people such as bonded laborers held in the crippling clutches of landlords and money lenders. He helped people to buy their own land and build proper homes, escaping from enslavement.

Because of him some people now can hope in a brighter future for their own children. He is still loved and cherished by those whom he selflessly served.

Every year, thousands of Dalits and Tribals come from around the district to visit his tomb and the place where he made the ultimate sacrifice.

Jesuits in Hazaribagh province run two social action centers and offer low-castes education, health services and women´s development programs for their socio-economic advancement.

As I have said in past Blogs, every generation in a monastery is exposed to great writers who influence our journey towards the Lord. One, who is having a revival of sorts, is GERTRUD VON LE FORT.

She was born in the city of Minden, in the former Province of Westphalia, then the Kingdom of Prussia within the German Empire. She was the daughter of a colonel in the Prussian Army, who was of Swiss Huguenot descent.

She and her siblings, Elisabeth and Stephan, grew up in a very secure and loving family . She was educated in Hildesheim, and went on to study at universities in Heidelberg, Marburg and Berlin. She made her home in Bavaria in 1918, living in Baierbrunn until 1939.

Despite publishing some minor works previously, Gertrud's writing career really began with the publication in 1925 of the posthumous work Glaubenslehre by her mentor, Ernst Troeltsch, a major scholar in the field of the philosophy of religion, which she had edited. She converted to Roman Catholicism the following year. Most of her writings came after this conversion, and they were marked by the issue of the struggle between faith and conscience.

Another turning point in Gertrud von le Fort's life was the end of the World War I which meant a great disaster for the defeated Germany. Shortly after her mother died, and in 1920 their family estate Boek was confiscated following her brother's participation in an attempt to anti-government monarchist coup. Gertrud suddenly found herself completely alone and at first without any means. The situation was even more difficult for her because she was accustomed to social etiquette and secured living from her background.

In 1931 she published the novella, de:Die Letzte am Schafott (The Last One at the Scaffold), based on the 1794 execution of the Carmelite Martyrs of Compiègne who were guillotined during the French Revolution’s Reign of Terror. The English translation, entitled The Song at the Scaffold, appeared in 1933, and is still considered as her greatest work. This work was the inspiration for the opera Dialogues of the Carmelites written by Francis Poulenc, which premiered in 1957. The opera was based on a similarly entitled libretto by Georges Bernanos.

Gertrud went on to publish over 20 books, comprising poems, novels and short stories. Her work gained her the accolade of being "the greatest contemporary transcendent poet". Her works are appreciated for their depth and beauty of their ideas, and for her sophisticated refinement of style.

She became friends with the theologian and philosopher Romano Guardini (see Blog 8/2/16). In 1920's he was active at Rothenfels/Main castle that was a centre of the Catholic youth movement. As early as 1921 Gertrud read Guardini's The Spirit of the Liturgy and in the following years helped to bring it to awareness of the general public. Father Guardini did the same when Gertrud published her book of poetry Hymns to the Church (another masterpiece in my opinion) in 1924. It was read in the Catholic youth movement and gained popularity there.

She was nominated by Hermann Hesse for the Nobel Prize in Literature, and was granted an honorary Doctorate of Theology for her contributions to the issue of faith in her works.

In 1952, she won the Gottfried-Keller Prize, an esteemed Swiss literary award.

German Stamp- 1975

Among her many other works, were The Eternal Woman (my favorite) in 1934, which appeared in paperback in English in 2010. In this work, she countered the modernist distortions of the feminine, a meditation on what it means to be a woman.

Last year, Ignatius Press brought out a collection of three of her novellas,The Wife of Pilate and Other Stories, thus introducing her to a new generation of readers.

In 1939 Gertrud made her home in the town of Oberstdorf in the Bavarian Alps, and it was there that she died on the feast of All Saints, 1 November 1971, aged 95.

Bro. Mickey McGrath

Some of the Franciscan sisters who were on Shaw Island with us for 28 years, were in the novitiate with this next saint to be, whom they all loved.

SERVANT of GOD SISTER THEA BOWMAN F.S.P.A., was a teacher, and scholar, who made a major contribution to the ministry of the Blacks in the Catholic Church.

She was born Bertha Bowman in Yazoo City, Mississippi in 1937. Her grandfather had been born a slave, but her father was a physician and her mother a teacher. She was raised in a Methodist home but, with her parents' permission, converted to the Roman Catholic faith at the age of nine, and later joined the Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration at La Crosse, Wisconsin. There she attended Viterbo University, run by her congregation.

She later attended The Catholic University of America for advanced studies, where she wrote her doctoral thesis on the American writer, William Faulkner.

She taught at an elementary school in La Crosse, Wisconsin and then at a high school in Canton, Mississippi. She later taught at her alma maters, Viterbo College in La Crosse and the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., as well as at Xavier University in New Orleans, Louisiana.

She had a big impact upon Catholic liturgical music by providing intellectual, spiritual, historical, and cultural foundation for developing and legitimizing a distinct worship form for black Catholics. She explained: “When we understand our history and culture, then we can develop the ritual, the music and the devotional expression that satisfy us in the Church.”

She was instrumental in the publication in 1987 of a new Catholic hymnal, Lead Me, Guide Me: The African American Catholic Hymnal, the first such work directed to the Black community.

After a career of 16 years in education, the Bishop of Jackson, Mississippi, invited Sister Thea to become a consultant for intercultural awareness for his diocese. She then became more directly involved with ministry to her fellow African-Americans. She began to give inspirational talks to Black congregations and found a tremendous response by the people to whom she spoke.

Even after she developed cancer and her health began a steady decline, she continued to speak to religious groups, becoming a model of hope and faith. “Remember who you are and whose you are”, she said.

In 1989, shortly before her death, in recognition of her contributions to the service of the Church, she was awarded an honorary Doctorate in Religion by Boston College in Massachusetts.

She died of cancer in 1990, aged 52, in Canton, Mississippi, and was buried with her parents in Memphis, Tennessee. Sister Thea lived a full life. She fought evil, especially prejudice, suspicion, hatred and things that drive people apart. She fought for God and God's people until her death.

“I find that when I am involved in the business of life, when I'm working with people, particularly with children, I feel better. A kind of strength and energy comes with that.”

The Diocese of Youngstown as well as the Diocese of Jackson held a proposal towards the Canonization cause for Sister Thea , through the decree of Heroic Virtues for her untiring efforts of evangelization and Catholic missions.

"Brother Sun -Sister Thea" (Bro. Mickey McGrath)

SERVANT of GOD JULIA GREELEY, Denver's Angel of Charity, was born into slavery, at Hannibal, Missouri, sometime between 1833 and 1848. While she was still a young child, a cruel slavemaster, in the course of beating her mother, caught Julia's right eye with his whip and destroyed it.

Freed by Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, Julia subsequently earned her keep by serving white families in Missouri, Colorado, Wyoming and New Mexico- though mostly in the Denver area. Whatever she did not need for herself, Julia spent assisting poor families in her neighborhood. When her own resources were inadequate, she begged for food, fuel and clothing for the needy. One writer later called her a "one-person St. Vincent de Paul Society." To avoid embarrassing the people she helped, Julia did most of her charitable work under cover of night through dark alleys.

Julia entered the Catholic Church at Sacred Heart Parish in Denverin 1880, and was an outstanding supporter of all that the parish had to offer. The Jesuits who ran the parish considered her the most enthusiastic promoter of devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus they had ever seen. Every month she visited on foot every fire station in Denverand delivered literature of the Sacred Heart League to the firemen, Catholics and non-Catholics alike.

A daily communicant, Julia had a rich devotion to the Blessed Sacrament and the Blessed Virgin and continued her prayers while working and moving about. She joined the Secular Franciscan Order in 1901 and was active in it till her death in 1918.

When Julia's body was laid out in church, immediately many hundreds of people began filing pass her coffin to pay their grateful respect. She was buried in Mt.OlivetCemetery and to this day many people have been asking that her cause be considered for canonization.

The most thorough compilation of the facts of Julia Greeley’s life have been published in a book by Fr. Blaine Burkey, O.F.M.Cap. The book, In Service of the Sacred Heart: The Life and Virtues of Julia Greeley, recalls the memorable stories and events of this remarkable woman by those who knew her best.

We present our third African-American woman who made a difference for their people, as well as others in their area.

An interesting woman who is being considered for sainthood, but not yet a Servant of God is MARY ANN WRIGHT (1921-2009), known as MOTHER WRIGHT. She was a humanitarian activist who lived and worked in Oakland, California and fed East Bay residents for almost 3 decades. She fed more than 450 people a day on a budget of $137,000 a year. She also distributed huge quantities of food, clothing and toys each holiday season from her West Oakland warehouse. Mother Wright held a very active schedule into her 80's, usually arriving at the foundation at 6 a.m. and would tirelessly continue to move boxes herself!

She was born into a Christian Catholic African-American family in New Orleans and raised in the small town of Darlington, Louisiana. She grew up poor, lost her mother when she was only 5 years old, and was raised by her father. She was married at 14 years old and had her first child at 15. In 1950 she fled an abusive husband and took her nine children and moved to California. As a single mother, she worked long hours picking cotton, walnuts and strawberries in Hayward, Walnut Creek, and around the state. For another stretch of time she worked two jobs to make ends meet as a domestic helper during the daytime shift and in a San Leandro cannery during nights. She later remarried and had three more children, one of which was adopted.

In 1980 she says she was awakened by God in her sleep when she received a vision in a dream who told her to feed the hungry. "The Lord woke me up in the middle of the night and told me what he wanted me to do, which was feed the hungry," she said. She started out feeding the poor and homeless by serving one meal a week, on Saturdays, downtown at JeffersonParkin Oakland, supported by her $236 Social Security check.

With help from others, among them grocers, produce merchants, the leaders of local churches and community groups, and city officials, this effort grew to become the Mother Mary Ann Wright Foundation. Through the Mary Ann Wright Foundation, Wright, family members and numerous volunteers regularly collected food and clothing from various local businesses (i.e. Safeway) and other donors to distribute to the needy. The foundation's warehouse on San Pablo Avenueat 32nd Streethas been her main distribution center. At the holidays, long lines always formed outside with Mother Wright often on the sidewalk, bullhorn in hand, leading a prayer as people picked up bags of boxed and canned food, toys and Christmas trees. Mother Wright spoke in a fiery brimstone preacher style voice, pleading her case well to all to HELP

As well as helping people in Oakland, her foundation has provided help to people in Russia and Vietnam, and founded a school in Kenya. Mother Wright, accepted no pay and was assisted primarily by her daughters.

In 2005, Mother Wright was inducted into the Hall of Fame for Caring Americans, by the Caring Institute. She was invited to more than one presidential inauguration.

Mother Wright, who had been struggling with heart trouble for several years, died at age 87 in AltaBatesSummitMedicalCenter in Berkeley. She was survived by 10 children, 33 grandchildren and 37 great-grandchildren, and preceded in death by two sons.

”I’m a ship without a sail, and by God’s grace, I’ve come a long way. I don’t know what I would have done without the Lord.”

Karl Rahner wrote in 1955:

Herein lies the special task which the canonized Saints have to fulfill for the Church. They are the initiators and the creative models of the holiness which happens to be right for, and is the task of, their particular age. They create a new style; they prove that a certain form of life and activity is a really genuine possibility; they show experimentally that one can be a Christian even in ‘this’ way; they make such a type of person believable as a Christian type.

Such is the Argentinian “gaucho priest,” JOSE GABRIEL del ROSARIO BROCHERO, (See Blog Oct. 2013) known for his ministry to the sick and the dying. He will be canonized October 16 , making him Argentina's first saint.

Also being canonized isELIZABETH of the TRINITY (see Blog 5/24/16) a French Carmelite nun. Both saints lived at the same time, one dying young, the other old.

With hurricanes descending upon Florida, I am reminded to pray to these new saints. Also interesting to note, when a group is placed before us for sainthood, the leader of the band is not necessarily the one whose name is chosen. The Church chooses the one who will represent a particular segment of society. Such is the case for the following.

ANTONIO CUIPO was an Apalachee Indian from San Luis Mission, in present-day Tallahassee, who was converted by Franciscan missionaries. His martyred companions include Dominican, Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries. Their killers were typically non-Christian Indians sometimes working in conjunction with English Protestants and French Huguenots (Protestants) making incursions into Spanish territory from the north.There were 67 laypersons (of whom 59 are Native Americans), eleven Franciscans, three Dominicans, and one Jesuit.

Franciscan friars Juan de Parga Araujo and Tiburcio de Osorio were killed by Indians working with the English along with Antonio and other Indian converts.

Antonio Cuipa was a leader among the Apalachee people, a carpenter and a catechist for the Franciscan friars. He was slain in 1704 at the mission of La Concepcion de Ayubale by the English and Creek forces of English Col. James Moore.

While not a missionary, Antonio is significant because he and his fellow converts are the fruit of a 150-year effort to preach the Gospel to the natives in this part of the New World.

A second generation Catholic, Antonio was responsible for the upkeep of the common buildings of San Luis de Talimali, the largest and most important of the Apalachee Spanish Missions. He was a husband and father, and played guitar. Having accompanied the Franciscans on visits to non-Christian villages, he began to imitate and adapt their practices of evangelism. Bringing maize cakes mixed with honey and reed pipes as gifts, he would then proclaim the faith in the very language of those he encountered.

An English governor in the Carolinas recruited a large number of Creek Indians and began a series of raids into La Florida, wiping out Catholic communities throughout what today is northern Florida.

On January 25th, 1704, Antonio participated in an attempt to defend the Catholic Mission of La Concepcion de Ayubale from a force of Carolina Colony soldiers and Creek warriors seeking to collect slaves and eradicate the faith from the land. He was tortured and killed, tied to a cross alongside two other Apalachee.

While encouraging his companions and admonishing their assailants, it was reported by eyewitnesses of the events that the Virgin Mary appeared to him, consoling him in his last moments. His last words were that his body was falling to the earth, but that his soul was going to God.

The killing was partly political to push the Spanish out of Florida, but also due to the hatred of the Catholic Faith.

The American martyrs quickly came to the attention of Rome. In 1704, Pope Clement XI directed that sworn testimony be taken regarding the Tallahassee martyrs. In 1743, King Philip V of Spainestablished Oct. 3 as a day to commemorate the Florida martyrs. Franciscan, Dominican and Jesuit communities each instituted their own days of remembrance for the martyrs of their orders. In 1939, Bishop John Mark Gannon of Erie, Pennsylvania, initiated a cause for canonization of 106 North American martyrs, including some in Florida, but the effort was stalled by World War II.

It is only now that the cause of these early martyrs is being reconsidered.

"It is significant that the passage of time has allowed us to discover that it was not only foreign missionaries who laid down their lives for Christ in La Florida. Rather, we now know the incredible stories of so many Native Americans who chose martyrdom rather than renounce the faith they had accepted. It is a meaningful sign that the faith was not simply imposed upon them, but rather they freely accepted the Catholic faith to the point that they understood that it was worth dying for." Bishop Felipe Estevez of St. Augustine

Robert Lentz

Our past few Blogs have dealt with people of color in the United States. The following traces his heritage back to the beginning of our country, and a man whom we all treasure..

BLACK ELK (Heȟáka Sápa) was born along the Little Powder River (at a site thought to be in the present-day state of Wyoming) in 1863. According to the Lakota way of measuring time (referred to as Winter counts), Black Elk was born "the Winter When the Four Crows Were Killed on Tongue River".

Curious about Christianity, he began to watch and study. In 1885, he learned about Kateri Tekakwithaand signed the petition supporting the cause for her canonization. In 1904, he met a Jesuit priest who invited him to study Christianity at Holy Rosary Mission, near Pine Ridge, South Dakota.

On the feast of St. Nicholas, December 6, he was baptized Nicholas William. St. Nicholas, appealed to him because he exhibited a model of Christian charity that resonated with his role as a traditional spiritual leader and his own generosity in service to the Native People.

Wife & daughter

Believing that Wakantanka, the Great Spirit, called him to greater service, he became a Christian and practiced his Lakota ways as well as the Catholic religion. He was comfortable praying with his pipe and his rosary and participated in Mass and Lakota ceremonies on a regular basis.

In 1907 the Jesuits appointed him a catechist because of his love of Christ, his enthusiasm and excellent memory for learning scripture and Church teachings. Like St. Paul, he traveled widely to various reservations; preaching, sharing stories and teaching the Catholic faith with his “Two Roads Model” of catechism. He is attributed to having over 400 native people baptized, and since then his books and model lifestyle have inspired countless others in their spiritual journeys.

He died in 1950 having lived an exemplary life of being faithful to Tunkasila (The Creator) and always wanting to serve the native people.

There are many Natives who are waiting to share the joy of the day when Nicholas Black Elk, Sr. will be counted among the company of saints by Holy MotherChurch.

VENERABLE FELIX VARELAwas born in Havana, Cuba, then still part of New Spain, and grew up in St. Augustine, Florida, the grandson of Lieutenant Bartolomé Morales, the commander of military forces in Spanish Florida, who was stationed there and who helped to raise Felix after the death of his mother in childbirth. As a teenager, he refused his grandfather's offer to send him to a military academy in Spain, returning to Cuba, where he studied to become a priest at San Carlos and San Ambrosio Seminary in Havana, the only seminary in Cuba. He also studied at the University of Havana. At the age of 23 he was ordained in the Cathedral of Havana.

Joining the seminary faculty within a year of his ordination, he taught philosophy, physics and chemistry . In his position there, he taught many illustrious Cubans, including José Antonio Saco, Domingo del Monte, and José de la Luz y Caballero. Referring to Venerable Varela, De la Luz said: "As long as there is thought in Cuba, we will have to remember him, the one who taught us how to think".

In 1821 Varela was chosen to represent Cuba in the Cortes Generales of Spain in Madrid, where he joined in a petition to the Crown for the independence of Latin America, and also published an essay which argued for the abolition of slavery in Cuba. For such ideas, after the French invasion of Spain in 1823 overthrew the liberal government of Spain and restored King Ferdinand VII who then brutally suppressed all opposition, he was sentenced to death by the government. Before he could be arrested, however, he fled, first to Gibraltar, then to the United States, where he spent the rest of his life, settling in New York City.

In New York he published many articles about human rights, as well as multiple essays on religious tolerance, cooperation between the English and Spanish-speaking communities, and the importance of education.

In 1837, Venerable Felix was named Vicar General of the Diocese of New York, which then covered all of New York State and the northern half of New Jersey. In this post, he played a major role in the way the AmericanChurchdealt with the tremendous influx of Irish refugees, which was just beginning at the time. His desire to assist those in need coupled with his gift for languages allowed him to master the Irish language in order to communicate more efficiently with many of the recent Irish arrivals.

He served as a theological consultant to the committee of American bishops which drew up the famous Baltimore Catechism, which began a standard teaching tool for Catholic children in the nation until the mid-20th century. He was later awarded a doctorate of Theology by St. Mary's Seminary in Baltimore, Maryland.

In 1848, worn out by his labors, Venerable Felix developed severe asthma, which led him to retire to St. Augustine, dying there five years later. Nearly sixty years after his death, his body was dis-interred from Tolomato Cemetery and returned to Cuba to be laid to rest in the University of Havana's Aula Magna.

In 1997 the United States Postal Service honored him by issuing a 32-cent commemorative stamp. Because of his experiences, many in the Cuban American exile community identify with him.

A German priest known as the “ANGEL of DACHAU” was beatified as a martyr in Würzburg, Germany, on September 24. Like Alfred Delp, S.J. (Blog 6/3/16) he was imprisoned and murdered by the Nazis in WW II.

Icon- Lewis Williams, OFS

BLESSED ENGELMAR UNZEITIG was born in Greifendorf, Czechoslovakia in 1911. He entered the Marianhill Missionaries and was ordained to the priesthood in 1939. Assigned to a parish in Austria, he spoke out on behalf of Jews in his sermons. Blessed Engelmar was imprisoned in the Dachauconcentration camp for the last four years of his life and voluntarily ministered to typhoid patients.

As a new priest, he said Masses for French prisoners of war, though this was strictly forbidden. After a move to Glockelberg, he came to the attention of Hitler's Youth, who were bothered by his actions and words. Their reports led to his imprisonment at the age 30.. He arrived in Dachau July of 1941 and became #26147. 3,000 clergy were gathered in priest barracks and forced to wear a red triangle on their clothes.

Threats, terror, abuse, fear, and death were his companions, day after day, for almost 4 years. He endured 12 hour workdays on little food. He said Mass, read the Bible and ministered the Eucharist to his fellow prisoners. His letters show he never succumbed to hate, forever trusting God’s will in his life. He wrote from this hell of suffering: ‘Even behind the hardest sacrifices and worst suffering stands God with his Fatherly love, who is satisfied with the good will of his children and gives them and others happiness.’

He also studied Russian in order to be able to help the prisoners from Eastern Europe.

In December, 1944, a typhus epidemic broke out. The sick were gathered in specific barracks, and left to die alone. 20 clergy from the two priest barracks volunteered for what in reality was a death sentence. In that last month of his life he wrote to his sister: “Love doubles one’s strength, it really ‘has not entered into the heart of any man what God has prepared for those that love him’, and “the Good is undying.”

During his Angelus address on September 25, Pope Francis said, “Killed in hatred of the faith in the extermination camp of Dachau, he opposed hatred with love, and answered ferocity answered with meekness: may his example help us to be witnesses of charity and hope even in the midst of trials.”

Painting of Father Casimir

Amazing to see how many saints and future saints have been born in our lifetime.

SERVANT of GOD FATHER CASIMIR (MICHAEL) CYPHERwas born in 1941, the 10th of 12 children from a farm family in Medford, Wisconsin. He attended St. Mary’s Minor Seminary in Illinoisand joined the Conventual Franciscans. He graduated from LoyolaUniversity in Chicago and was ordained a priest in 1968. As a student, novice and seminarian he was noted for his great kindness, humor, generous spirit and simple nature.

Many of his contemporaries noted how reminiscent of St. Francis he was. He loved nature and all of God’s creation penning poems and whimsical stories that carry canticle like feel to them. After serving as a simple parish priest in Illinoisand California, Father Casimir opted to go the missions in Honduras.

Father went to Hondurasto serve the campesinos (peasants) with the sacraments, education, medical care, food and the Gospel. He served in one of the poorest regions of Honduras, which itself was one of the poorest countries in Latin America. Conditions and daily life were extremely difficult for thepeople. Where Father Casimir worked the roads were unnavigable and seasonably unusable, there was little or no medical care for families or education for children other than that provided by the missionaries. At that time, approximately half of the child born in Olancho died before age five, a troubling statistic that bears witness to the difficulties the people faced.

Father Casimir brought the love of offering the sacraments, running the parish and school and serving the poorest people as best he could.

At this time political strife was emerging throughout the country. On June 25, 1975 five thousand poor and landless campesinos began a six day “Hunger March” from Olancho, Honduras to the nation’s capital demanding action on promised land reforms from the military-led government.

Para-military groups under the control of wealthy landowners and the Army moved to stop the marches, they attacked the campesinos, raided the residence of the Bishop (himself a Franciscan), attacked rectories, seminaries and civil institutions tied to the reform movement.

Father Casimir was not a revolutionary. He expressed no political views and did not participate in the marches. While driving a beaten down truck to a repair shop, shots rang out in the square near where Father Casimir was. He rushed in to help the injured and dying with Last rites, prayers and first aid attention. Soldiers and armed personnel carriers surrounded the square. There, Father Casimir was seized.

It is believed he was mistaken for another priest, who served as the head of a local institute. In the end, Father Casimir was simply at the wrong place at the wrong time. He was innocent. Father Casimir was seized, stripped and beaten in the center of the square. Even as he was being humiliated by his captors he walked around the chaos at center of the plaza absolving the living and blessing the bodies of the slain.

Father Casimir, another priest and several women were arrested. That night they were taken to an abandoned farmhouse where they were judged guilty without trial, tortured and mutilated. That night several peasant prisoners were baked alive in a large communal oven on the grounds. And after numerous tortures, the priests were shot in the head. The priests’ bodies were thrown in a dry well with living victims. The well was dynamited and the area bulldozed to conceal the crime.

Several religious sisters and campesinos witnessed the crimes and reported what they had seen. An outcry arose throughout the land, and with pressure from the Conventual Franciscans, the Catholic Church in the USand Honduras, and the US State Department, an official investigation was launched, the well was discovered and the bodies exhumed.

Father Casimir’s body was taken to the Cathedral at Gualaco where his remains are buried today. Thousands of people from throughout Olancho province processed to the church and paid their respects to their “santito,” or little saint. He is fondly remembered by the people he served and his life’s witness is credited with inspiring new vocations in the diocese.

“Look for eternity in those who are near you right now. For your eternity begins today; it begins this moment. It begins right now…”

As I have said in past Blogs, anyone who has a devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, has my attention. My Jesuit adviser in college started me in the Apostleship of Prayer devotion, which I continue to this day. Also, I tell people who come to the monastery that the world needs more lay saints. People often think the only path to holiness is in the religious life. More and more we are seeing very holy people who lived their lives in the world, spreading the love of Christ as they went about their not so ordinary lives.

SERVANT of GOD AUGUSTE (NONC’O) PELAFIGUE was born in a pastoral zone in Beaucens at the foot of the PyrenneesMountains in

France

in 1888. This is a region near Argeles-Gazaste. He was nearly two when his parents immigrated to the

United States

. He and his family had a deep rooted Catholic faith upbringing instilled in them.

Their charming village, Beaucens, was about seven miles from Lourdes where the Blessed Mother appeared to St. Bernadette. Another French saint, John Vianney, the Cure Ars, was a saint Nonco modeled his life on, through prayer, good works, mortification, all for the love of God. Nonco's simplicity and later in life his spreading devotion to the Sacred Heart.

Nonco lived in Arnaudville, Louisiana. He attended school at the convent located near where the Little Flower Chapel now stands. He had a great reverence for the nuns. He read and wrote fluently in English and French. , later attending the Universityof Louisiana at Lafayette.

Coteau Rodair School

In Nonco's early life, he was a teacher. Mornings he boarded a train in Arnaudville to go to Port Barre. He never married and lived a life of extreme austerity. He was noted by those who knew him to be a very kind and gentle person who did whatever he could for people. He was very poor, but he wouldn't take money from anyone. When family members fixed food for him, he would give it away. He lived in a small house without electricity and walked everywhere. He wouldn't accept a ride from anyone as he felt that was part of his penance to God. He also ministered to the sick or anyone in need.

His Home

Nonco loved animals, especially birds (another reason i like this man). His property was teeming with guinea hens, bantam roosters, pigeons, exotic birds, such as parrots, and peacocks.

In 1909 at the age of 21, Nonco became a member of the Apostleship of Prayer League. He is best remembered as a promoter of the League where, it is said, he left an imprint on the shoulder of the dirt and gravel roads as he traveled on foot to deliver the Sacred Heart leaflets.

n 1953, at the age of 65, Nonco was given the Papal Degree by Pope Pius XII referring to him as a "REAL CHRISTIAN." It was not surprising that Nonco died on the Feast Day of the Sacred Heart of Jesus which was on June 6th in 19 at the age of 89. For 68 years of his adult life, "Nonco" served the Lord, attending Daily Mass and serving St. John Francis Regis Catholic Church, Little Flower School and the Arnaudville community for little or no pay.

Feeding his birds

Thirty five years after Nonco's death, in 2012, a nonprofit corporation was formed to work towards the beatification and canonization of Auguste "Nonco" Pelafigue. The Foundation is following the procedures outlined by the church and, at the invitation of the Diocese of Lafayette, on November 9, 2014,

October 29, 2016 Cardinal Angelo Amato, the prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, presided at the Mass of beatification of fourBENEDICTINE MONKSwho were martyred in 1936.

Fathers José Antón Gómez, Antolín Pablos Villanueva, Juan Rafael Mariano Alcocer Martínez, and Luis Vidaurrázaga Gonzáles were monks of the Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos**in Burgos and lived in the Priory of Santa Maria de Montserrat in Madrid.

At the beginning of his homily, Cardinal Amato recalled the example of Father Jacques Hamel, the French priest slain while offering Mass this summer, and said that “he was not afraid of holiness, he was not afraid of martyrdom, nor were these four Benedictine martyrs.”

“The sociopolitical climate of the 1930s was characterized by a manifestation of terror against the Church, a bloody persecution,” he continued. “At that time there was darkness over the earth.”

After his Angelus address the following day, Pope Francis recalled the beatification of the martyrs and said, “We praise the Lord and entrust to their intercession the brothers and sisters that unfortunately, yet today, are persecuted for their faith in Christ in several parts of the world.”

**In the nineteenth century the abbey became a member of the Solesmes Congregation in France, and the singing has since been influenced by the scholarship and performance style ofSolesmes.

The monks of Silos became internationally famous for singing Gregorian chant through the album Chant, one of a number of recordings they have made. Chant became popular when re-released in 1994 and peaked at #3 on the Billboard 200 music chart, and was certified as triple platinum, becoming the best-selling album of Gregorian chant ever released.

It was followed by Chant Noël: Chants For The Holiday Season (1994) and Chant II (1995). Technically, the Silos monks are surpassed by other choirs, but they are undoubtedly authentic in the sense that they sing Gregorian chant as part of their daily worship. As a reviewer in Gramophone puts it: "The ensemble is not always perfect, but if these are not professional singers, they are, and they sound like, truly professional monks."

Having finished the difficult, but very well done movie Popieluszko, I felt I should do a blog on this courageous priest, who was greatly responsible for the downfall of Communism in Poland. After his death, the people had enough of tyranny in their daily lives.

BLESSED JERZY POPIELUSZKO was born September 14, 1947, on a farm in the small village of Okopylocated in North Eastern Poland. His parents Wladyslaw and Mariana were devout Catholics and he was baptized Alphons Popieluszko two days after his birth. Blessed Jerzy was a fragile child but as his parents stated he made up for any physical infirmities in strength of character.

After finishing school, he attended the priests' seminary at Warsaw. Heserved his army duties in a special force, aimed to keep young men from becoming priests. This treatment had an adverse effect on Bl. Jerzy, as, after finishing his army service, he continued his studies. As a vicar he served in parishes in Warsaw, which consisted of the common people as well as students.

In 1981 he was sent to the workers, taking part in strikers in the Warsaw Steelworks. He was associated with workers and trade unionists from the Solidarity movement who opposed the Communist regime in Poland.

He was a staunch anti-communist, and in his sermons, interwove spiritual exhortations with political messages, criticizing the Communist system and motivating people to protest. During the period of martial law the Catholic Church was the only force that could voice protest comparatively openly, with the regular celebration of Mass presenting opportunities for public gatherings in churches.

Bl. Jerzy’s sermons were routinely broadcast by Radio Free Europe, and thus became famous throughout Poland for their uncompromising stance against the regime. The Służba Bezpieczeństwa tried to silence or intimidate him. When those techniques did not work, they fabricated evidence against him; he was arrested in 1983, but soon released on intervention of the clergy and pardoned by an amnesty.

Memorial

A car accident was set up to kill Bl. Jerzy on 13 October 1984 but he evaded it. The alternative plan was to kidnap him, which was carried out on 19 October 1984. He was beaten to death by three Security Police officers. They pretended to have problems with their car and flagged down Bl. Jerzy’s car for help. He was beaten up, tied up and put in the trunk of the car. The officers bound a stone to his feet and dropped him into the Vistula Water Reservoir near Włocławek from where his body was recovered on 30 October 1984.

An autopsy revealed that he may have still been alive when thrown into the water. News of the political murder caused an uproar throughout Poland, and the murderers and one of their superiors, Colonel Adam Pietruszka, were convicted of the crime. More than 250,000 people, including Lech Wałęsa, attended his funeral on 3 November 1984. Despite the murder and its repercussions, the Communist regime remained in power until 1989. Bl. Jerzy's murderers were jailed but released later as part of an amnesty.

Bl. Jerzy's funeral

Bl. Jerzy was posthumously awarded the Order of the White Eagle, Poland’s highest decoration. The cause for his beatification began in 1997. On August 6th, 2010, in the presence of his mother, who was over 100 years old, Bl Jerzy was solemnly beatified

His relics carried through Warsaw

The last public words spoken by Bl.Jerzy Popieluzko during the meditation of the rosary October 19, 1984, give a summary of his life and may serve to encourage us.

“In order to defeat evil with good, in order to preserve the dignity of man, one must not use violence. It is the person who has failed to win on the strength of his heart and his reason, who tries to win by force…Let us pray that we be free from fear and intimidation, but above all from the lusts for revenge and violence.”

Movie

His mother, Marianna, was present to his beatification. Pope John Paul II said to her : “Mother, you have given us a great son”. And she responded, surprising even the pope: “Holy Father, I did not give him, but God has given him to the world through me. I gave him to the Church and I can’t take him back.” The Pope kissed her and hugged her.

Marianna received St. Rita’s International reward, which is given to people who forgive the murderers of their loved ones. She says she has forgiven the murderers of her son and she is praying for their conversion. She said that “they were fighting God, not my son”, and that they were trying to fight the Church.

All of the churches in St. Benedict’s birthplace of Norcia (Nursia), Italy, were destroyed by the October 30 earthquake that leveled the medieval Basilica of St. Benedict. Amazingly the statue of Our Father St. Benedict was left standing.

St. Benedict

Dear friends,

`”How can I even begin to describe the scene we witnessed yesterday in Norcia? It was like those photographs of bombed-out churches from the Second World War. It reminded me of all those ruined monasteries one sees passing through the English countryside. It was an image of devastation. All the churches in Norcia are on the ground. Every single one. The roofs caved in on all of them; they are no more. What remains of them are a few corners, a facade, a window with the sun coming through from the wrong side. Inside are “bare ruin’d choirs” as Shakespeare wrote of the destroyed monasteries in his time.

The wonder, the miracle, is that there were no casualties. All the fear and anxiety following the first few earthquakes now seem a providential part of God’s mysterious plan to clear the city of all inhabitants. He spent two months preparing us for the complete destruction of our patron’s church so that when it finally happened we would watch it, in horror but in safety, from atop the town.

Basilica of St. Benedict destroyed

Is it over yet? We do not know. These are mysteries which will take years -- not days or months -- to understand. We watch and pray all together on the mountainside for Norcia and for the world. The priests go into town to visit the sick and the homeless. We are grateful for your prayers, as ever.

  In Christ, Fr. Benedict Subprior (Benedictine Monks of Norcia)

On November 2, Pope Francis called Archbishop Renato Boccardo of Spoleto-Norcia to assure the residents of Norcia of his prayers following the recent earthquake there.

The Holy Father “also said he was saddened by the collapse of so many sacred buildings, symbols of faith and identity of the people,” Archbishop Boccardo told Vatican Radio.

The prelate spoke of the “difficulties and the fear of people who are homeless or insecure in these two months of earthquakes and great loss of the heritage of faith and art located in our valley.”

We pray for the people who have lost their homes and their sacred places.

In the last Blog, I presented a letter from the Subprior of the Benedictine Monastery damaged in the earthquake in Italy last week. Our Mother Prioress visited the Community a few years ago when in Italy and she says it is one place she would go back to. The holiness of the place and the monks was greatly perceived. A bit more about these courageous men.

The Valley of St. Scholastica, Norcia

In the 8th century an oratory was built so pilgrims could pray at the place of St. Benedict and his sister St. Scholastica’s birth. Monks came to Norcia in the 10th century, and remained in one form or another until 1810, when they were forced to flee under the new laws of the Napoleonic Code.

The current Benedictine community was founded in Romein 2000 by a small group of American monks “with faith and courage and little else”. The founder and present Prior, Father Cassian, was a monk of St. Meinrad's Archabbey in Indiana. One of our interns attended Wyoming Catholic College and one of her professors is now a member of this Community.

The monks were charged by Rometo care for the Basilica of San Benedetto (built over the birthplace of St Benedict and his twin St Scholastica) and for the many visiting pilgrims. The Benedictines of Norcia see themselves as "humble instruments for the necessary New Evangelization of Europe".

As of July 2015 there are nineteen monks living at Norcia, including novices, with the average age of 33. The Benedictine Monastery of Norcia is also known as the Benedictine Monastery Maria Sedes Sapientiae (“Mary Seat of Wisdom”).

In February 2012 the Monastery was canonically established under the supervision of the Abbot Primate of the Benedictine Confederation. The monks have supported themselves by making beer- in the grand tradition of the Belgian Trappists (whom they learned the craft from). It is made in small batches, so as not to effect the prayer life of the monastery.

Brother Francis in the Brewery

They have also produced a CD of their chant which is lovely and very prayerfully rendered.

One can go to their website and see some lovely videos of their life- before and after the earthquakes. (Monks of Norcia.org)

MISSIONARY TO YOUTH

THE SERVANT OF LEPERS

JESUIT CARDINAL

JESUIT MARTYR IN THE CONGO

At his Nov. 29 funeral, someone recalled the Archbishop’s favorite saying: "There are things that can be seen only with eyes that have cried.” He has been called the "Oscar Romero of Congo".

At the end of the millennium Pope (St.) John Paul II commissioned a Martyrology for the 20th century, so that we might not forget the witness of love of God and neighbor which so many men and women of our time have given with their lives and with their deaths.

JESUIT MARTYRS IN INDIA

THE ETERNAL WOMAN

REMEMBER WHOSE YOU ARE

ANGEL of CHARITY

NEVER TOO POOR- MOTHER WRIGHT

GAUCHO SAINT & CONTEMPLATIVE NUN- NEW SAINTS

FLORIDA MARTYRS

A NATIVE SAINT

NEW CUBAN SAINT (WHO LOVED THE IRISH)

ANGEL OF MERCY

ETERNITY BEGINS NOW...

A LOVER OF THE SACRED HEART

NEW BENEDICTINE SAINTS- MODERN MARTYRS

MARTYR FOR TRUTH

BENEDICTINES TO REBUILD!

MONKS OF NORCIA